Numerical modelling of wave overtopping discharges at rubble mound breakwaters using OpenFOAM®

Numerical modelling of wave interaction with rock-armoured rubble mound breakwaters has been performed to study overtopping. The influences the slope angle, a berm in seaward slope, protruding crest wall, recurved parapet, and steepness have studied using validated CFD model (OpenFOAM). numerical confirms trends that observed physical tests while validity earlier developed guidelines examined outside ranges on which are based. results confirm overtopping at depends steepness, influence is affected by an factor account for effects wall can be applied even larger walls than tested indicate core material discharges very limited. also indicates applying parapet breakwater only effect small discharges. show strongly angle. Since this so large it cannot neglected, present non-breaking waves do not include modified proposed. structures still need verified based tests.